J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 65:1246–51Įngel M, Hoffmann J, Muhling J, Castrillon-Oberndorfer G, Seeberger R, Freudlsperger C (2012) Magnetic resonance imaging in isolated sagittal synostosis. BMJ 346:f2360Įngel M, Castrillon-Oberndorfer G, Hoffmann J, Freudlsperger C (2012) Value of preoperative imaging in the diagnostics of isolated metopic suture synostosis: a risk-benefit analysis. Mathews JD, Forsythe AV, Brady Z, Butler MW, Goergen SK, Byrnes GB, Giles GG, Wallace AB, Anderson PR, Guiver TA, McGale P, Cain TM, Dowty JG, Bickerstaffe AC, Darby SC (2013) Cancer risk in 680,000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians. Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, McHugh K, Lee C, Kim KP, Howe NL, Ronckers CM, Rajaraman P, Sir Craft AW, Parker L (2012) Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Journy N, Ancelet S, Rehel JL, Mezzarobba M, Aubert B, Laurier D, Bernier MO (2014) Predicted cancer risks induced by computed tomography examinations during childhood, by a quantitative risk assessment approach. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:1313–20īrenner DJ, Hall EJ (2012) Cancer risks from CT scans: now we have data, what next? Radiology 265:330–1 Am J Med Genet A 146A:984–91ĭomeshek LF, Mukundan S Jr, Yoshizumi T, Marcus JR (2009) Increasing concern regarding computed tomography irradiation in craniofacial surgery. Pediatrics 126:e391–400īoulet SL, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA (2008) A population-based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989-2003. Wilkie AO, Byren JC, Hurst JA, Jayamohan J, Johnson D, Knight SJ, Lester T, Richards PG, Twigg SR, Wall SA (2010) Prevalence and complications of single-gene and chromosomal disorders in craniosynostosis. Lajeunie E, Le Merrer M, Bonaiti-Pellie C, Marchac D, Renier D (1995) Genetic study of nonsyndromic coronal craniosynostosis. Minimal soft tissue contrast permits 3D-rendered imaging of the craniofacial skeleton.Prematurely fused cranial sutures are distinct from patent sutures.Patent cranial sutures appear hyperintense on “Black Bone” MRI.Patent cranial sutures appear as areas of increased signal intensity on “Black Bone” MRI distinct from the cranial bone, demonstrating considerable clinical potential as a non-ionising alternative to CT in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis. The cranial sutures, where patent, could be visualised throughout their path. Segmentation of the “Black Bone” MRI datasets was successful with both threshold and volume rendering techniques. In children with craniosynostosis the affected suture was absent, whilst the remaining patent sutures could be visualised, consistent with CT and clinical findings.
Patent cranial sutures were consistently identified on “Black Bone” MRI as areas of increased signal intensity. “Black Bone” imaging was subsequently used to develop 3D reformats of the craniofacial skeleton to enhance further visualisation of the cranial sutures. “Black Bone” datasets were compared to CT and clinical findings. Thirteen children with a clinical diagnosis of craniosynostosis underwent “Black Bone” MRI in addition to routine cranial CT. To determine the potential of novel gradient echo parameters, “Black Bone” MRI as an alternative to CT in the identification of normal and prematurely fused cranial sutures both in 2D and 3D imaging.
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